Copyright-2019 © Sinoy Mirror Inc. SD-ICP No.12003884
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Brenmiller Energy （Israel）to start innovative CSP pilot plant
BrenmillerEnergy,theIsraelbasedConcentratedSolarPowertechnologycompanywillstartapilotplanttotestBrenmiller'sinnovativebCell™System. ThebCell™systemisdescribedbythecompanyas"acontinuous,realdispatchablethermosolarenergygenerationsystem".It'scomprisedofbCell™modules(thecoreofthesystem)toproducestabilizedsteamforelectricity,directlytotheturbineinlet,atasteadyratethroughouttheday,allyearlong. Thetestingprocesswillrunforthreemonthswhilethecompanyworkstoraise$50milliontodevelopafull-scalefactorytoenablemassproductionandmarketing. Theproductisdesignedforhighefficiency,highavailabilityandeasymaintenance.Itismodularandscalableandcanprovidespecificsolutionstovariousenergydemandsanddifferentoperationstrategies,whetherpeak,intermediateorbase-loaddemands.Accordingly,thesystemisbothaffordableandcompetitiveinsmallandlargescaleapplications,froma1,250KVAsolargeneratortoa100MWsolarpowerstation. BrenmillerEnergy’sstoragetechnologyisexpectedtobecheaperthancurrentsystemsduetolessexpensive,thoughtnotdisclosed,materialsused. BrenmillerEnergy'sCEOisAviBrenmiller,formerco-founderofSolelSolarSystems,acompanythatproducedsolarheatcollectorsforparabolictroughplantsboughtbySiemensandrecentlysoldtoAbengoa. ThebCell™isacontinuoussolarsteamboilerproducingregulatedsteam,atstandardturbinesconditions(500Celsius100barsandmore)upondemand,available24/7allyear-long.ItsmainbuildingblockistheEnergyCenter,withauniqueheatstorage,whichactsasabuffer,toallowforbothdispatchabilityandstableandcontinuoussteamregardlessofsolarintensityvariations. ThebCell™canproduceabout1.25MWeequivalentofsteam(dependingonthegivenirradiation,cycleefficiencyandoperation strategy),whichisproducedfromthetripledsolarfield.ThesolarField,whichisbasedonanenhancedcollectortroughsystem,andtheEnergyCenterarecombinedtogethertocreateamodular,directtotheturbinesteamproducing‘cell’calledthebCell™. SinoyMirrorInc.www.SinoyMirror.com worldwideSolarmirrormanufacturer.
2018-08-16
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What is A Mirror ? The History of Mirror
Amirrorisanobjectthatreflectslightinawaythatpreservesmuchofitsoriginalqualitysubsequenttoitscontactwiththemirror. Somemirrorsalsofilteroutsomewavelengths,whilepreservingotherwavelengthsinthereflection.Thisisdifferentfromotherlight-reflectingobjectsthatdonotpreservemuchoftheoriginalwavesignalotherthancoloranddiffusereflectedlight.Themostfamiliartypeofmirroristheplanemirror,whichhasaflatsurface.Curvedmirrorsarealsoused,toproducemagnifiedordiminishedimagesorfocuslightorsimplydistortthereflectedimage. Mirrorsarecommonlyusedforpersonalgroomingoradmiringoneself(inwhichcasethearchaictermlooking-glassissometimesstillused),decoration,andarchitecture.Mirrorsarealsousedinscientificapparatussuchastelescopesandlasers,cameras,andindustrialmachinery.Mostmirrorsaredesignedforvisiblelight;however,mirrorsdesignedforothertypesofwavesorotherwavelengthsofelectromagneticradiationarealsoused,especiallyinnon-opticalinstruments. HistoryofTheMirror Thefirstmirrorsusedbypeopleweremostlikelypoolsofdark,stillwater,orwatercollectedinaprimitivevesselofsomesort. Theearliestmanufacturedmirrorswerepiecesofpolishedstonesuchasobsidian,anaturallyoccurringvolcanicglass.ExamplesofobsidianmirrorsfoundinAnatolia(modern-dayTurkey)havebeendatedtoaround6000BC. PolishedstonemirrorsfromCentralandSouthAmericadatefromaround2000BConwards.MirrorsofpolishedcopperwerecraftedinMesopotamiafrom4000BC,andinancientEgyptfromaround3000BC.InChina,bronzemirrorsweremanufacturedfromaround2000BC,someoftheearliestbronzeandcopperexamplesbeingproducedbytheQijiaculture.Mirrorsmadeofothermetalmixtures(alloys)suchascopperandtinspeculummetalmayhavealsobeenproducedinChinaandIndia.Mirrorsofspeculummetaloranypreciousmetalwerehardtoproduceandwereonlyownedbythewealthy. Metal-coatedglassmirrorsaresaidtohavebeeninventedinSidon(modern-dayLebanon)inthefirstcenturyAD,andglassmirrorsbackedwithgoldleafarementionedbytheRomanauthorPlinyinhisNaturalHistory,writteninabout77AD. TheRomansalsodevelopedatechniqueforcreatingcrudemirrorsbycoatingblownglasswithmoltenlead. ParabolicmirrorsweredescribedandstudiedinclassicalantiquitybythemathematicianDioclesinhisworkOnBurningMirrors.Ptolemyconductedanumberofexperimentswithcurvedpolishedironmirrors,anddiscussedplane,convexspherical,andconcavesphericalmirrorsinhisOptics.ParabolicmirrorswerealsodescribedbythephysicistIbnSahlinthe10thcentury,andIbnal-Haythamdiscussedconcaveandconvexmirrorsinbothcylindricalandsphericalgeometries,carriedoutanumberofexperimentswithmirrors,andsolvedtheproblemoffindingthepointonaconvexmirroratwhicharaycomingfromonepointisreflectedtoanotherpoint. Bythe11thcentury,clearglassmirrorswerebeingproducedinMoorishSpain.[verificationneeded]InChina,peoplebeganmakingmirrorswiththeuseofsilver-mercuryamalgamsasearlyas500AD.SometimeduringtheearlyRenaissance,Europeanmanufacturersperfectedasuperiormethodofcoatingglasswithatin-mercuryamalgam.Theexactdateandlocationofthediscoveryisunknown,butinthe16thcentury,Venice,acityfamedforitsglass-makingexpertise,becameacentreofmirrorproductionusingthisnewtechnique.Glassmirrorsfromthisperiodwereextremelyexpensiveluxuries. TheSaint-Gobainfactory,foundedbyroyalinitiativeinFrance,wasanimportantmanufacturer,andBohemianandGermanglass,oftenrathercheaper,wasalsoimportant.Theinventionofthesilvered-glassmirroriscreditedtoGermanchemistJustusvonLiebigin1835.Hisprocessinvolvedthedepositionofathinlayerofmetallicsilverontoglassthroughthechemicalreductionofsilvernitrate.Thissilveringprocesswasadaptedformassmanufacturingandledtothegreateravailabilityofaffordablemirrors. Nowadays,mirrorsareoftenproducedbythewetdepositionofsilver(orsometimesaluminumviavacuumdeposition)directlyontotheglasssubstrate.
2018-08-03
