The difference between fireproof glass and tempered glass from the production process
Tempered glass: The original glass is cut according to the required size-edging-opening-cleaning-tempering-inspection-storage. Single piece of fire-resistant glass: The original glass is cut according to the required size-edging-opening-cleaning-ion replacement (the cleaned glass bubble is replaced by the cesium potassium ion solution at a specific temperature to replace the calcium on the surface of the cleaned glass Ion and sodium ion)-cleaning-tempering (tempered wind pressure is 3 times that of ordinary tempered glass)-quality inspection-packaging-storage. Difference summary: 1. Tempered glass is only a physical change, and fire-resistant glass is already a chemical change. 2. The toughened wind pressure is increased, and the impact resistance of the fireproof glass is better.
According to foreign media New Atlas, windows are a good daylighting tool, but in summer, this also brings unnecessary heat, causing many people to have to turn on air conditioning. Now, researchers have developed windows that can automatically change color when the sun heats up to keep buildings cool - most importantly, they are also solar panels. The color-changing glass has been around for a long time, and the most common one is as a transition lens of glasses, which automatically adjusts color under strong light. Recent developments have made it electronic, which can be switched on demand and enlarged to the size of a window. At the same time, the efficiency of transparent (or translucent) solar cells is getting higher and higher, and they can even be installed on windows. In this new study, researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) combined these two technologies into a single window. What they call "thermochromic photovoltaic" technology can switch colors when heated by sunlight to block glare and reduce the need for cooling. When it does so, it also starts to collect energy from this light. This kind of window is made of a thin film of perovskite-a new type of solar cell material-sandwiched between two pieces of glass, and solvent vapor is injected into the gap. When the humidity is low, the perovskite film remains transparent, allowing the windows to transmit light normally. But at a certain temperature, steam will rearrange the perovskite crystals, first into chains, then flakes, and then cubes. Each new shape will change the color and block the light to varying degrees. It is hoped that the room will be cooled by a few degrees in the process. When the glass temperature reaches 35°C to 46°C, the window can switch between several different colors, from transparent to yellow, orange, red and brown, it takes about 7 seconds. This is a considerable improvement over the early prototype developed by the NREL team. When the temperature reaches 65.5°C to 79.4°C, it can only switch between transparent and a reddish brown, and it takes 3 minutes to complete. Ideally, “thermochromic photovoltaic” windows can help reduce the need for air conditioning, because air conditioning is a huge energy consumer in hot times and climates, and even a little extra electricity can be raised to help it operate. The team stated that a prototype window using the new technology can be developed within a year.
As we all know, the heat energy on the earth's surface mainly comes from sunlight, and the spectrum of sunlight is mainly concentrated in the range of 200-2500nm, of which: the range of 200-400nm is ultraviolet, its energy accounts for about 5% of the total energy of sunlight, and the range of 400-720nm The inner part is visible light, whose energy accounts for about 45% of the total energy of sunlight, and the range of 720-2500nm is infrared, whose energy accounts for half of the total energy of sunlight. Infrared rays are invisible to the human eye. Therefore, how to effectively block the infrared rays and improve the heat insulation performance of glass without affecting the transmission of visible light is one of the most difficult points in domestic and foreign technology research and development. At present, the research and development of high-quality, high-permeability heat-insulating film is mainly concentrated in developed countries such as the United States and Japan. "Although there are many methods for blocking sunlight in the prior art, each has many problems." Lu Fei said. Lu Fei explained its shortcomings to reporters by taking Low-E glass (Low-E), the most commonly used building insulation glass, as an example. This type of glass achieves the thermal insulation effect by coating the surface of ordinary glass. However, after extensive use of this type of glass on the exterior wall of the building, although it has good heat preservation and heat insulation properties for the building itself, it will reflect a lot of sunlight and cause a lot of light pollution problems. People working in a light-polluted environment for a long time can cause vision loss, dizziness, insomnia, heart palpitations, decreased appetite, and depression, which seriously affect people's physical and mental health. In addition, Low-E glass cannot obtain heat insulation on the surface of the glass through post-painting and other methods. In addition, due to the oxidation of the metal layer, the life of the surface layer is much lower than that of the glass itself, which makes Low-E glass unable to be used as It is used to upgrade the existing architectural glass. In addition, colored glass absorbs visible light while absorbing heat. It will greatly sacrifice visible light transmittance while achieving heat insulation, and present obvious colors, which greatly limits its need for high visible light such as car front windshields. Through the application of the scene. "At present, cesium tungsten bronze, a widely used infrared absorbing material in commercial applications, has a good infrared absorbing effect. However, it will exhibit photochromic phenomenon under ultraviolet radiation, and will interact with water and oxygen under heating. An irreversible oxidation reaction occurs, generating tungsten trioxide and losing its infrared absorption properties." Yin Jian said. A new thermal insulation coating comes out From the above analysis, it can be seen that the thermal insulation principle of traditional Low-E glass and glass products is to achieve the thermal insulation effect by coating the surface of ordinary glass. After coating, Low-E glass can reflect far infrared rays with wavelengths above 2500nm. , But it can also cause pollution. Absorbing photons may be a better choice. "We are also inspired by the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), because the surface electrons of gold nanobelts with a certain aspect ratio can resonate with incident photons of a certain frequency, and strongly absorb the incident photons before passing through Adjusting the particle size and morphology of the material can achieve selective absorption of infrared photons, which can be made into infrared absorbing materials." Lu Fei said. According to Lu Fei, the coating they made is based on rare earth compounds. On the one hand, because boron atoms have strong electronegativity, they can form a strong force with rare earth elements, making the rare earth nano thermal insulation materials formed. Good acid and alkali resistance; on the other hand, in the formed rare earth nano boride material, the outer layer electrons of the rare earth element itself provide a large number of free electrons. When the photons of incident light are excited, the free electrons resonate with the incident photons. Thus, the macroscopic performance is the heat absorption capacity. In addition, by adjusting the type and doping amount of rare earth elements, the wavelength range where incident photons resonate can be further controlled. Using this method, the R&D team successfully developed a high-performance rare earth nanocomposite thermal insulation material with good weather resistance, which solved the problem of insufficient environmental stability of existing materials and the inability to absorb infrared spectra. "The coating we developed has a red and ultraviolet barrier greater than 90%, a vi
Although fire windows already exist, they contain a carcinogenic gel, and their production generates a lot of waste. However, a new technology that works in the same basic way is said to be safer and less wasteful. Normally, this kind of window consists of two pieces of glass with a layer of transparent acrylamide-based hydrogel in between. Once the pane facing the flame is heated to the point of breaking, the gel will be exposed to the flame. When the water in the gel continues to boil, the temperature of the bottom pane will decrease through the evaporative cooling effect. In addition, the gel forms a thick layer of insulating salt on the second layer of glass, further protecting it. Scientists at the Fraunhofer Institute for Environment, Safety and Energy Technology in Germany, in order to find a more harmless alternative to the toxic acrylamide hydrogel, they conducted experiments with a variety of substances. After about 60 failed attempts, they finally found an undisclosed "basic ingredient" that met the requirements. It is not carcinogenic and has no other dangers, but it can still keep windows intact when exposed to temperatures exceeding 1000 oC for up to 2 hours. In addition, on a production line that is producing indoor fire doors made of such glass, only 20 kilograms of waste are generated every day. In contrast, according to Fraunhofer’s data, the production of traditional fire windows generates 150 to 160 kilograms of waste per day. At present, this kind of glass is used in the reconstruction of the Frankfurt Global Tower and the construction of the big tower.
The clever application of mirrors in home improvement
There are many places where mirrors can be used in home improvement. In fact, we can see the shadow of mirror elements in almost all home improvement spaces. In addition, in different positions, the function and role of the mirror are also different. Of course, in order to better play the role of mirror elements in the home, the design of the mirror must also be selected and changed according to different positions and functions. Next, let me take you into the magical world of mirrors, to see what kind of transformations can be made with mirror-element furniture, and to experience the multiple functions and functions of mirrors in home decoration together. The entrance to the entrance is a space where mirrors are very necessary. For entrances that must be passed in and out of the home, it is not only necessary to be able to organize the appearance, but also to be as neat and clean as possible to ensure the "facade" of the entire home. In this case, placing a mirror at the entrance is a good choice. The mirror can not only be used to organize the appearance when entering and leaving the door, but also can be used with the entrance storage cabinet. On the one hand, it can enhance the storage space, and on the other hand, it can make the design of the entrance more in line with usage habits and more convenient and beautiful. In addition, the restaurant is also a location that can better match the mirror, enhance the sense of design, and exert greater functions. In the decoration, most people will choose to place the mirror on the wall next to the dining table. This position arrangement can not only broaden the overall visual space of the restaurant, but also can reflect the mirror surface of the mirror to make the line of sight light and light. The vision is more transparent, and when dining, the mood naturally becomes more open and bright. The sink in the bathroom is also a place where a mirror is very much needed. Many women have the habit of tidying up their appearance while washing their hands and touching up makeup. At this time, it is much more convenient to install a mirror on the bathroom sink, and people who love beauty can maintain the most beautiful state anytime, anywhere. In addition, the mirror can also expand the space visually, making the originally narrow and dark bathroom look more spacious and bright. Speaking of where the mirror is placed, how can the bedroom be missing? A simple floor-to-ceiling mirror will not take up too much bedroom space, but can provide many conveniences for life. After dressing up, you can arrange your clothes in front of the floor-to-ceiling mirror and start a new day in the best condition. Moreover, for a neat and clean bedroom, only a simple and generous floor-to-ceiling mirror is needed, without much decoration, and the small corner of the home with high-value appearance has been born unknowingly.
Antique mirror is the latest and most popular decorative mirror in the world. It is different from the functional full-length mirror (silver mirror) and decorative mirror (coated color mirror) in our daily life. It is processed by a special process. Mottled patterns with bright colors are formed on the top, which is quite Baroque in the Middle Ages. Because of its noble and elegant artistic characteristics, antique mirrors are widely used in high-end decorations such as corridors, ceilings, decorative walls, etc., whether it is India, Malaysia, the Philippines, or Europe, America, Japan, Singapore, it can be used in some high-end entertainment and dining The place sees its shadow. Antique mirrors can be widely used in home decoration companies and design studios: used in public areas of offices or apartments, shopping malls or retail stores, bars, restaurants, clubs, cinemas, etc., and also used in public buildings, offices, Clinics and hospitals can also be embedded on walls, doors or pillars, and can also be used to process furniture materials. The architectural decoration antique mirrors have a variety of colors and textures, which can make the installation environment more colorful and radiant, making people feel like they have traveled to ancient times. Antique mirrors can be cut to any size. Advanced technology can not only cut to any size, but also some deep processing customization, sandblasting, frosting, surface processing, silk screen printing, laminating, and some edging processing, such as beveling, drilling Hole and so on.
Space application of decorative mirror
Because the decorative mirror can illuminate the food on the table, stimulate the taste nerves of the diners, and increase the appetite, it is very suitable for use in the restaurant space. In addition, decorative mirrors are also commonly used soft decoration elements in neo-classical, Chinese, European, and modern restaurants. In the hanging position, generally choose a more conspicuous and open area. If the sideboard is arranged in the restaurant, the decorative mirror can also be hung above the sideboard. In addition to being used as a full-length mirror, the decorative mirror in the bedroom can also play a role in enlarging the space, thereby dissolving the oppressive feeling of a small bedroom. You can also design a group of small decorative mirrors on the wall of the bedroom, which not only expands the space, but also makes the bedroom decoration more individual and bright. As a necessities of the bathroom wall, decorative mirror seems to be dominant in its function, so many people ignore its decorative and spatial effects. In fact, as long as it is cleverly designed, the mirror surface can bring unexpected decorative effects to the bathroom. Decorative mirrors can not only extend the space visually, but also enhance the brightness. The decorative mirrors in the bathroom are usually installed above the washstand to beautify the environment while also making it easy to organize makeup. Installing the decorative mirror on the wall parallel to the window can introduce the scenery outside the window into the room, increasing the indoor comfort and sense of nature. If the conditions are limited and the decoration cannot be installed in this location, the color, shape and type of the reflector should be considered to avoid making the indoor space appear chaotic. In addition, you can also hang a decorative painting on the opposite side of the decorative mirror or simply use a white wall to increase the depth of the room. Generally speaking, the width of the decorative mirror should be at least 0.5m. Large decorative mirrors can be 1.7~1.9m. If you want the decorative mirror to be the focal point of the space, you should hang it at least 1.5m above the floor. The hanging position of the small decorative mirror should be at eye level, too high or too low may affect daily use. The recommended distance for viewing the decorative mirror is about 1.5m. It should be noted that artificial lights should be avoided to directly shine the decorative mirror.
How to better use decorative mirrors to match your wall
Decorative mirrors have various shapes such as round, square, polygonal and irregular shapes. Each shape has its own uniqueness and can produce different visual effects. There are two types of round decorative mirrors: true round and oval, and its shape can give people a comfortable feeling. A round decorative mirror with a simple frame can give the space a simple and clear atmosphere, while a round decorative mirror with a lace frame is full of artistic sense. Whether it is a round decorative mirror in a gear style or a flower style, it can play a good decorative role. The oval decorative mirror pays more attention to practical effects, and its shape can not only bring curvilinear beauty to the interior, but also save space to a certain extent. The square decorative mirror is both decorative and functional. The long rectangular mirror has a large reflection area, can be used for decoration and reflection of light, and is easy to match with the surrounding environment. Decorative mirrors of this shape can be seen in many modern and minimalist spaces. The polygonal hanging mirror has sharp edges and corners, beautiful lines, and the overall style is relatively simple and modern. It is a good choice for home wall decoration. Some polygonal hanging mirrors have metal rims, which are luxurious and delicate. Irregular shaped decorative mirrors are more artistic than round decorative mirrors, and the space for imagination is larger, and the space atmosphere rendered is more intense The minimalist rimmed decorative mirrors usually perfectly echo the thin-leg furniture. The gilded decorative mirror is very suitable for placing with the ink, which can enhance the spatial aura. Antique mirrors with simple patterns are highly decorative, and the carefully carved frame can reflect the entire space. The periphery of some decorative mirrors will be decorated with a pattern made up of a circle of branches. The design is full of modernity, with a natural and fresh atmosphere.
With this "mirror", gyms are everywhere!
On October 30th, MIRROR, an interactive home fitness startup in New York, announced that it had received US$34 million in B-1 round of financing. Early-stage venture capital firm Point72 Ventures led the investment. Other investors included Canadian yoga sportswear retailer Lululemon, supermodel and corporate Karlie Kloss, Kevin Huvane, founder of Creative Artists Agency, a performing arts and sports agency; Steve Lockshin, a senior angel investor, LionTree LLC, an investment bank that focuses on the media field, American venture capital firm Spark Capital, and New York early-stage venture capital fund Lerer Hippeau. Up to now, MIRROR has raised a total of 72 million US dollars. After this round of financing, Steven Cohen, Chairman and CEO of Point72 Ventures, will join the MIRROR board of directors. MIRROR will use the funds to promote its own continuous growth, expand into new areas, and achieve content verticalization. MIRROR was founded by Brynn Putnam, a graduate of Harvard University and founder of Refine Method, a New York gym chain. After the first product was officially launched in September 2018, market demand surged. MIRROR is known as the "smartest fitness in New York", it is the world's first company to provide "hidden form" home fitness solutions: the core device is a "full-length mirror" response display. When closed, it is an ordinary full-length mirror. When opened, it is actually an interactive mirror display equipped with an embedded camera and speaker, which can reflect the user's status in real time, and also allows the user to see the trainers and classmates who are working out together. With this mirror, users only need a yoga mat to turn any room in the home into a home gym at any time. From aerobics, strength training to yoga and boxing, MIRROR presents 70+ live fitness classes every week. The coaches are all certified fitness experts from the top fitness centers in the United States. Users can also visit the MIRROR library to order a wealth of exercise courses stored in it, and provide 24 hours a day service. In the live course, the coach will provide real-time guidance and even encourage shouting, and remote training with other students also makes it easier for users to stick to the fitness activities. In addition, this mirror display can also be synchronized with a Bluetooth heart rate monitor (included at the time of purchase) or Apple Watch. It can track the user’s physical data during exercise and optimize it in real time, so that the user can get the most out of each exercise in the shortest time. effect. Written by Angus,from Sinoy Mirror Inc
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